Since ancient times, dams have played a crucial role in the development of civilizations. From monumental structures like the Val di Lei Dam, which contributed to Italy’s development during the 1960s, to smaller yet historically significant constructions, these feats of engineering have always been vital for ensuring water supply, supporting agriculture, and other essential activities.
Let’s explore the oldest dams still in operation, showcasing their resilience and timeless functionality.
Lake Homs Dam, Syria
Also known as the Qattinah Dam, the Lake Homs Dam in Syria is the oldest functioning dam in the world. Built during the reign of Pharaoh Seti I (1319–1304 BC), it underwent significant expansion during the Roman era and again between 1934 and 1938.
Stretching 2 kilometers in length, the dam stands 7 meters high with a 20-meter-wide base, serving as an essential water source for the city of Homs.
Proserpina Dam, Spain
Located north of Mérida, Spain, the Proserpina Dam was built by the Romans between the late 1st and early 2nd centuries AD to supply water to Emerita Augusta. This earthen dam, reinforced with concrete lining for added durability, measures 427 meters in length and 22 meters in height. Today, it is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Cornalvo Dam, Spain
Built by the Romans between the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, the Cornalvo Dam is the third oldest dam in the world still in use. Located on the Albarregas River, it spans 194 meters in length and 24 meters in height. Its masonry structure, filled with stones and clay, has stood the test of time. It continues to provide drinking water to Mérida, showcasing the durability of Roman engineering.
Kaerumataike Dam, Japan
Constructed in 162 AD, the Kaerumataike Dam is located on the Yodo River in Japan’s Kansai region. Fed by Lake Biwa, Japan’s largest freshwater lake, the dam stands 17 meters tall and stretches 260 meters in length. It remains a vital water resource for the Kansai region.
Kallanai Dam, India
Also known as the Grand Anicut, the Kallanai Dam was built in the 2nd century AD by King Karikala Chola on the Kaveri River in Tamil Nadu. Designed to divert water for agriculture, it supports irrigation for 400,000 hectares of land in the delta region. Measuring 329 meters in length, 20 meters in width, and 5.4 meters in height, this dam is an enduring symbol of India’s ancient water management systems.
Sayamaike Dam, Japan
Built in the 7th century AD during the Asuka period, the Sayamaike Dam remains a crucial part of Osaka’s infrastructure. Its reservoir collects water from the Nishiyoke River, ensuring irrigation supply and providing flood control. Standing 18.5 meters tall, the dam has a storage capacity of 2.8 million cubic meters and was upgraded in 1996 to enhance its efficiency.
Sadd-e Kobar Dam, Iran
Located on the Kobar River in Iran, the Sadd-e Kobar Dam was built in the 10th century AD. Constructed from limestone and bonded with a mortar of sand, lime, ash, and egg whites, the dam stands 25 meters tall and 82 meters long. It continues to play a vital role in flood control and irrigation.
Moti Talab Dam, India
The Tonnur Kere Dam, also known as the Moti Talab (“Lake of Pearls”), was built in the 12th century AD by Sri Asuri Ramanujacharya, a revered Sri Vaishnava saint. Fed by the Yadavanadi River, the dam measures 145 meters in length and approximately 230 meters in height, remaining critical for regional agriculture
Almansa Dam, Spain
Located in the province of Albacete, Spain, the Almansa Dam was constructed in 1384 on the Vega de Belén River. Standing 25 meters tall and 90 meters long, the dam has been expanded multiple times, most notably in 1586, 1736, and 1921. With a reservoir capacity of 1.6 million cubic meters, it continues to serve as a key resource for irrigation and flood control.
